Course: Statistics

Topic outline

General

Statistics

The subject Statistics will provide you with basic theoretical knowledge in the sphere of statistical methods and procedures used by performing analyses on concrete data of economic or biotechnological character. Teaching of this subject is supported by standard software tools (especially Microsoft Excel 2003^®).

The aim of the course is to provide a basis for understanding the statistical methods and their use in practice. Students will gain an overview of basic techniques needed for statistical analysis of economic and social data. After completing the subject, students will be able to perform routine statistical analysis using standard software tools.

Gestor:
prof. Ing. Zlata Sojková, CSc.
Department of Statistics and Operations Research
Faculty of Economics and Management
Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
tel: 037/6414183, email:

Lecturer (lectures, practical lessons, examinator):
Ing. Martina Majorová
Department of Statistics and Operations Research
Faculty of Economics and Management
Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
tel: 037/6414813, email:
web: http://www.fem.uniag.sk/Martina.Majorova

Note:
The course is being created VOLUNTARILY and it IS NOT an output of any project.

Cite as:
Martina Majorová. 2009. Statistics. [online]. [cit. yy-mm-dd]. Available at: .

Motto:
There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics. This well-known saying is part of a phrase attributed to Benjamin Disraeli and popularized in the U.S. by Mark Twain.
Better than a thousand days of diligent study is one day with a great teacher.Japanese proverb.

Good luck!
- Download a copy of this course. File 2.8MB Moodle backup
Topic 1

Course introduction
- Essential knowledge required Page
- Learn the Greek alphabet in less than 10 minutes Page
- Sources used for illustrative pictures of the course Page
- General news and announcements for students Forum
- Report bugs and enhancements Forum
- Need to discuss something? Chat
- Important documents
- Syllabus Page
- Glossary of terms in Statistics
- Recommended literature references Page
- Conditions for successful course completion Page
- Introduction File
- Introduction to MS Excel File
- How to work with LMS Moodle? File
- Examples of online test and homework
- Online test Quiz
- Homework Assignment
- Empty file to elaborate for your homework
- IMPORTANT: Do not complete the quiz or upload your homework here! They're just examples. Use the appropriate topic for doing so.
  Note: Please, complete this file on your personal computer (laptop). After that, upload it as elaborated homework assignment via LMS Moodle (look for the label Homework under Examples of online test and homework). Thank you!
Topic 2

1 Data sorting
- Key words:
  data (qualitative, quantitative), sample, population, statistical attributes, pivot table, contingency table, grouped frequency distribution, ungrouped frequency distribution, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency, relative frequency, cumulative frequency, cumulative relative frequency
- Data sampling & Data sorting File
- Glossary of terms (Qualitative and Quantitative data sorting) File
- Qualitative and quantitative data sorting (empty file)
- Qualitative and quantitative data sorting (with solution) File
- Homework 1 Assignment
- Empty file to elaborate for your homework 1
- Questions to topic 1? Discuss here! Forum
- Interesting web pages related to Data sampling & Data sorting
Topic 3

2 Descriptive statistics
- Key words:
  measures of location, measures of central tendency (centre), measures of variability (spread), measures of skewness, measures of kurtosis, percentile, quartile, mean, average, mode, median, interquartile range, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, coefficient of skewness, coefficient of kurtosis, boxplot, five-number summary
- Glossary of terms (Descriptive statistics) File
- Descriptive statistics (empty file)
- Descriptive statistics (with solution) File
- Interpretation of descriptive statistics File
- Homework 2 Assignment
- Empty file to elaborate for your homework 2
- Questions to topic 2? Discuss here! Forum
- Interesting web pages related to Descriptive statistics
Topic 4

3 Theory of probability
- Key words:
  probability, event, opposite event, complement event, certain event, conditional probability, cumulative distribution function, continuous random variable, discrete random variable, normal distribution, probability density function, sample space
- Glossary of terms (Theory of probability) File
- Theory of probability (empty file)
- Theory of probability (with solution) File
- Homework 3 Assignment
- Empty file to elaborate for your homework 3
- Questions to topic 3? Discuss here! Forum
- Interesting web pages related to Theory of probability
Topic 5

4 Point and interval estimate

(inferential statistics)
- Key words:
  estimate, confidence level, alpha, point estimate, interval estimate, population, sample, population parameter, sample statistics, sampling error, sample size, point estimate of mean, variance, standard deviation, interval estimate of mean, variance, standard deviation
- Glossary of terms (Point and interval estimate) File
- Point and interval estimate (empty file)
- Point and interval estimate (with solution) File
- Homework 4 Assignment
- Empty file to elaborate for your homework 4
- Questions to topic 4? Discuss here! Forum
- Interesting web pages related to Point and interval estimate (inferential statistics)
Topic 6

5 Hypothesis testing, part 1

(inferential statistics)
- Key words:
  hypothesis, null hypothesis, alternate hypothesis, decision (do not reject the null hypothesis; reject the null hypothesis), type I error, type II error, one-tailed test (left-tailed test; right-tailed test), two-tailed test, test statistic, critical value, significance level, alpha, p-value, normal distribution, Student t distribution, independent sample, matched sample, hypothesis test about a population mean, hypothesis test about the difference between means of two populations, paired two sample for means
- Glossary of terms (Hypothesis testing) File
- Hypothesis testing - part 1 (empty file)
- Hypothesis testing - part 1 (with solution) File
- Hypothesis testing - a cheat sheet (use for the mid-term test) File
- List of statistical formulas with description File
- List of statistical formulas without description (use for the mid-term test) File
- List of abbreviations and standard notation used in statistics File
- Homework 5 Assignment
- Empty file to elaborate for your homework 5
- Questions to topic 5? Discuss here! Forum
- Interesting web pages related to Hypothesis testing (inferential statistics)
Topic 7

6 Hypothesis testing, part 2

(inferential statistics)
- Key words:
  hypothesis, null hypothesis, alternate hypothesis, decision (do not reject the null hypothesis; reject the null hypothesis), type I error, type II error, one-tailed test (left-tailed test; right-tailed test), two-tailed test, test statistic, critical value, significance level, alpha, p-value, hypothesis test about a population variance, hypothesis test about the variances of two populations, two sample assuming equal variances, two sample assuming unequal variances
- Glossary of terms (Hypothesis testing) File
- Hypothesis testing - part 2 (empty file)
- Hypothesis testing - part 2 (with solution) File
- Hypothesis testing - a complete cheat sheet (use for final test) File
- Homework 6 Assignment
- Empty file to elaborate for your homework 6
- Questions to topic 6? Discuss here! Forum
- Note:
  You can find the materials "Summary to Hypothesis testing (inferential statistics)" and "Interesting web pages related to Hypothesis testing (inferential statistics)" in the previous topic "Hypothesis testing - part 1 (inferential statistics)".
Topic 8

7 Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Chi-square test for independence
- Key words:
  hypothesis test, more than two mean values, analysis of variance, decomposition of variability, total variability, variability between groups, variability within groups, residual variability, F distribution, factor, Chi-square distribution, observed (empirical) frequencies, expected (theoretical) frequencies, qualitative data, contingency table, strength of a relationship
- Glossary of terms (Analysis of variance) File
- Glossary of terms (Chi-square test of independence) File
- ANOVA and Chi-square test of independence (empty file)
- ANOVA and Chi-square test of independence (with solution) File
- Homework 7 Assignment
- Empty file to elaborate for your homework 7
- Questions to topic 7? Discuss here! Forum
- Interesting web pages related to F distribution and ANOVA
- Interesting web pages related to Chi-square distribution
Topic 9

8 Linear regression and correlation analysis
- Key words:
  scatter plot, independent variable, dependent
  variable, linear pattern, residual plots, positive correlation, negative correlation, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, observed values, predicted values, outliers, influential points, ordinary least squares method, line of best fit, parameter estimate, slope, intercept, simple (multiple) regression analysis, power of model, model building
- Glossary of terms (Regression and correlation analysis) File
- Linear regression and correlation analysis (empty file)
- Linear regression and correlation analysis (with solution) File
- List of statistical formulas with description (complete) File
- List of statistical formulas without description (complete; use for the final test) File
- List of abbreviations and standard notation used in statistics (complete) File
- Homework 8 Assignment
- Empty file to elaborate for your homework 8
- Questions to topic 8? Discuss here! Forum
- Interesting web pages related to Linear regression and correlation analysis
This topic
Topic 10

9 Course summary
- Key words:
  
  summary, conclusion, feedback, questionnaire, project
  
  Aim:
  Get feedback from students through anonymous online questionnaires for the assessment of the subject Statistics and provide an opportunity for the submission of projects developed by students as a prerequisite for passing the exam in Statistics.
- Project in Statistics
- Online availabe databases Page
- Instructions to the project File
- Project submission Assignment
- Questions to project? Discuss here! Forum

Topic outline

General

Good luck!

Topic 1

Course introduction

Topic 2

1 Data sorting

Topic 3

2 Descriptive statistics

Topic 4

3 Theory of probability

Topic 5

4 Point and interval estimate

(inferential statistics)

Topic 6

5 Hypothesis testing, part 1

(inferential statistics)

Topic 7

6 Hypothesis testing, part 2

(inferential statistics)

Topic 8

7 Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Chi-square test for independence

Topic 9

8 Linear regression and correlation analysis

Topic 10

9 Course summary